Mountains cover a large share of Earth's land and are home to hundreds of millions of people, yet they're often overlooked. International Mountain Day, on December 11, raises awareness of how important mountains are to life on Earth. They provide much of the world's fresh water, shelter a huge variety of plants and animals, and support unique cultures and livelihoods. The day also highlights the threats mountains face, from climate change and melting glaciers to deforestation and overtourism.
History of International Mountain Day
The United Nations declared 2002 the International Year of Mountains to draw attention to mountain ecosystems and communities. Building on that momentum, the UN General Assembly designated December 11 as International Mountain Day, first observed in 2003.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) coordinates the day, often working with the Mountain Partnership, an alliance of governments, organizations and groups focused on mountain development. Each year, the day has a theme, covering topics such as mountain biodiversity, sustainable tourism, women in mountains and protecting water resources.
Scientists estimate that mountains supply a large portion of the world's fresh water, feeding rivers that support farms and cities far downstream. Mountain glaciers and snowpack act like natural water towers, storing water in winter and releasing it in warmer months. Climate change is causing many glaciers to shrink, which affects water supplies for millions of people.
Why International Mountain Day Matters
Even people who live far from mountains depend on them for water, food and energy. Rivers like the Colorado, Ganges and Rhine all start in mountain ranges.
Mountain communities often face challenges such as isolation, poverty and natural hazards. Supporting sustainable development helps protect both people and fragile ecosystems.
How to Celebrate International Mountain Day
- Learn about a mountain range: read about the Rockies, Appalachians, Andes or Himalayas.
- Hike responsibly: stay on trails and follow Leave No Trace principles.
- Support sustainable tourism: choose local guides and eco-friendly operators.
- Save water at home: remember that much of it may come from mountain snowpack.
- Watch a mountain documentary and learn about glaciers and climate change.
Celebrating at Work, School and Home
At work, share information about where your community's drinking water comes from, or organize a weekend hike for colleagues. Outdoor and travel businesses can promote responsible tourism tips. In classrooms, students can build model mountains to learn how they form, map major ranges, or explore how glaciers store water and why they're shrinking. Geography lessons can connect mountains to rivers and cities downstream. At home, watch a nature documentary about mountain wildlife, plan a family hike, or look up how snowpack affects water in your region. If you live near mountains, check out a local nature center to learn about the plants and animals that live at different elevations.
Fun Facts About International Mountain Day
- The UN declared 2002 the International Year of Mountains.
- International Mountain Day was first observed in 2003.
- Mountain snowpack and glaciers act as natural water towers.
International Mountain Day FAQs
When is International Mountain Day?
It's observed on December 11 each year.
Who coordinates International Mountain Day?
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Why are mountains important for water?
Snowpack and glaciers store water and release it into rivers, supplying farms and cities downstream.
Is there an annual theme?
Yes. The FAO announces a new theme each year.