On December 5, 1933, the United States ended a 13-year experiment in banning alcohol. National Repeal Day marks the ratification of the 21st Amendment, which repealed Prohibition. Today, the date is celebrated by bars, breweries and history lovers, often with Prohibition-era cocktails and speakeasy-themed events. It's also a fascinating moment in constitutional history, since the 21st Amendment is the only one ever to repeal another amendment.
History of National Repeal Day
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the temperance movement campaigned against alcohol, which it blamed for poverty, violence and family breakdown. Groups like the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Anti-Saloon League gained significant political power.
In 1919, the 18th Amendment was ratified, banning the manufacture, sale and transportation of intoxicating liquors. The Volstead Act defined and enforced the ban, and national Prohibition began in January 1920.
Prohibition did reduce drinking in some ways, but it also led to widespread illegal activity. Speakeasies, bootlegging and organized crime flourished, and enforcement was difficult and expensive. When the Great Depression hit, many argued that legal alcohol would create jobs and tax revenue.
In February 1933, Congress proposed the 21st Amendment. Unusually, it was sent to state ratifying conventions rather than state legislatures, the only amendment ratified this way. On December 5, 1933, Utah became the 36th state to ratify it, reaching the required three-quarters, and Prohibition ended. States could still choose to regulate or ban alcohol, and some remained 'dry' for years.
Why National Repeal Day Matters
Repeal Day is a reminder of how public opinion and law can change, and of the unintended consequences of policy. It's also part of the story of American cocktail culture, which evolved during Prohibition.
For those who drink, it's a chance to enjoy a classic cocktail responsibly. For history fans, it's a great lens on the 1920s and 1930s.
How to Celebrate National Repeal Day
- Learn the history: read about the temperance movement and the 18th and 21st Amendments.
- Mix a classic cocktail: try a drink associated with the era, or a non-alcoholic version.
- Visit a speakeasy-style bar or a local distillery tour.
- Host a 1920s-themed party with jazz music and period costumes.
- Drink responsibly: plan a safe ride home if you're celebrating.
Celebrating at Work, School and Home
At work, a 1920s-themed holiday party with mocktails and jazz music can be a fun nod to Repeal Day while keeping things inclusive for non-drinkers. In classrooms, Prohibition and Repeal are a classic case study in history and civics lessons: students can debate the arguments for and against Prohibition, study how amendments are ratified, and explore its effects on crime and the economy. At home, adults can try making a classic cocktail or a creative alcohol-free version, while families can watch a documentary about the Roaring Twenties. Remember that the day should be enjoyed responsibly; never drink and drive.
Fun Facts About National Repeal Day
- National Prohibition began in January 1920.
- The 21st Amendment is the only amendment that repealed another.
- It's the only amendment ratified by state conventions instead of state legislatures.
National Repeal Day FAQs
When is National Repeal Day?
National Repeal Day is December 5.
How long did Prohibition last?
National Prohibition lasted from January 1920 to December 1933, about 13 years.
Which state's vote ended Prohibition?
Utah became the 36th state to ratify the 21st Amendment on December 5, 1933.
Did Prohibition end everywhere?
The 21st Amendment let states set their own rules, so some states and counties remained dry.