National Day of the Horse is observed on December 13 each year. Established by Congress in 2004, it recognizes the importance of horses to the economy, history and character of the United States. Horses have carried settlers, mail and soldiers, worked on farms and ranches, and today support sports, recreation, therapy programs and tourism. The day encourages people to appreciate horses and support their care.
History of National Day of the Horse
Horses were domesticated on the steppes of Central Asia more than 4,000 years ago. They transformed transportation, agriculture and warfare across Europe, Asia and Africa.
Although ancient horses evolved in North America, they disappeared from the continent around 10,000 years ago. Spanish explorers reintroduced horses in the 1500s, and many Native American nations, especially on the Great Plains, became renowned horse cultures. Horses carried the Pony Express in 1860 and 1861, pulled wagons west and plowed farms until tractors replaced them in the 20th century.
In 1971, Congress passed the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act to protect wild horses on public lands. In 2004, the U.S. Senate passed a resolution designating December 13 as National Day of the Horse, encouraging people to be mindful of horses' contributions and welfare.
Why National Day of the Horse Matters
Horses shaped American history, from exploration and farming to cowboy culture and the Pony Express.
The horse industry today supports jobs in breeding, racing, showing, trail riding, veterinary care and tourism.
Horses also help people heal. Equine-assisted therapy programs support people with disabilities, veterans and others. The day also highlights horse welfare, including care for retired and rescued horses.
How to Celebrate National Day of the Horse
- Visit a stable: take a riding lesson or trail ride.
- Support a rescue: donate to a horse sanctuary.
- Learn horse history: read about the Pony Express or Plains horse cultures.
- Volunteer: help at a therapeutic riding center.
- Watch horses: attend a rodeo, show or race.
Celebrating at Work, School and Home
At work, share horse facts or organize a donation for a local horse rescue. In classrooms, students can learn about horse anatomy, the Pony Express, or how horses changed life for Plains nations. At home, families can visit a farm or stable, read horse stories, or watch a documentary about wild mustangs. Follow safety rules around horses: approach from the side, speak calmly and never stand directly behind a horse.
Fun Facts About National Day of the Horse
- Congress designated National Day of the Horse in 2004.
- Spanish explorers reintroduced horses to North America in the 1500s.
- The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act was passed in 1971.
National Day of the Horse FAQs
When is National Day of the Horse?
National Day of the Horse is observed on December 13 each year.
Who created National Day of the Horse?
The U.S. Senate designated it by resolution in 2004.
When were horses domesticated?
Horses were domesticated on the Central Asian steppes more than 4,000 years ago.
Were there horses in America before Europeans?
Ancient horses lived in North America but disappeared about 10,000 years ago; the Spanish reintroduced them.
What law protects wild horses?
The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971.
How can I help horses?
Support rescues, volunteer at therapeutic riding centers and learn about responsible horse care.