Texas Admission Day marks December 29, 1845, when Texas officially became the 28th state of the United States. Before joining the Union, Texas was an independent nation, the Republic of Texas, for nearly ten years. The day is a chance to learn about the Lone Star State's unique history, from Mexican Texas and the Texas Revolution to annexation and statehood.
History of Texas Admission Day
Texas was part of New Spain and then, after 1821, part of independent Mexico. Mexico encouraged American settlers to move into Texas, and by the 1830s, they outnumbered Mexican Tejanos. Tensions grew over government, trade and slavery, which Mexico had abolished.
In 1836, Texans declared independence on March 2 and won it at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, after the famous defeat at the Alamo. The Republic of Texas had its own presidents, including Sam Houston, its own flag with a single star and its own currency.
Many Texans wanted to join the United States, but annexation was controversial because Texas allowed slavery and Mexico still claimed the territory. In 1845, Congress approved annexation, and on December 29, 1845, President James K. Polk signed the act admitting Texas as a state. The formal transfer of government took place on February 19, 1846. Annexation helped lead to the Mexican-American War of 1846 to 1848.
Why Texas Admission Day Matters
Texas Admission Day celebrates the history of one of America's largest and most influential states.
It highlights the complex history of the region, including Mexican, Tejano, Native American and Anglo-American perspectives.
The story of annexation also connects to major national issues, such as westward expansion, slavery and the Mexican-American War.
How to Celebrate Texas Admission Day
- Learn Texas history: read about the Republic of Texas.
- Visit historic sites: explore the Alamo, San Jacinto or the Texas State Capitol.
- Fly the Lone Star flag: if you're a Texan, show your pride.
- Cook Texas food: make chili, barbecue or Tex-Mex.
- Discuss perspectives: learn about Tejano and Native American history.
Celebrating at Work, School and Home
At work, Texas-based teams can share state history trivia or enjoy a Tex-Mex lunch. In classrooms, students can study the Republic of Texas, compare perspectives on annexation, or map how the borders of Texas changed. At home, families can visit a historic site, cook a Texas meal, or read about famous Texans. Present the history thoughtfully, including the roles of Tejanos, Native Americans and enslaved people.
Fun Facts About Texas Admission Day
- Texas became the 28th state on December 29, 1845.
- The Republic of Texas lasted from 1836 to 1846.
- Texas Independence Day is March 2.
Texas Admission Day FAQs
When is Texas Admission Day?
Texas Admission Day is December 29, the anniversary of Texas statehood in 1845.
When did Texas become a state?
Texas became the 28th U.S. state on December 29, 1845.
Was Texas its own country?
Yes, the Republic of Texas was independent from 1836 to 1846.
Who signed the act admitting Texas?
President James K. Polk.
What is the difference between Texas Admission Day and Texas Independence Day?
Independence Day (March 2) marks independence from Mexico; Admission Day (December 29) marks statehood.
Why was Texas annexation controversial?
Because of slavery and because Mexico still claimed the territory, which helped lead to war.